Howard Associates, LLC
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Preclinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Dementia

  • Morris water maze in rat
  • Object recognition in rat
  • Delayed non-match to position (lever-pressing) in rat
  • Conditioned avoidance acquisition in rat
  • Other tests that can be set up: radial arm maze in rat, 9-hole chamber in mouse, Morris water maze in mouse

We have a great deal of experience in running the Morris water maze for commercial clients and are set up to evaluate compounds on short notice in young rats. The use of aged rats entails a delay because of limited availability. This test may be particularly interesting to clients who can provide transgenic mice.

Publications

Pollard, G.T., McBennett, S.T., Rohrbach, K.W., & Howard, J.L. (1981). Repeated acquisition of three-response chains for food reinforcement in the rat. Drug Development Research, 1, 67-75.

Howard, J.L., & Pollard, G.T. (1983). Effects of d-amphetamine, Org 2766, scopolamine, and physostigmine on repeated acquisition of four-response chains in rat. Drug Development Research, 3, 37-48.